1. Water Treatment:

Coagulation: Aluminum sulfate is added to water in a process called coagulation. Typically, it is dosed into water at concentrations sufficient to achieve the desired coagulation and flocculation of suspended particles. The amount used depends on factors such as water quality, turbidity, and the specific treatment goals.

Dosage: The dosage of aluminum sulfate is critical and is often determined through jar testing or pilot studies to optimize its effectiveness in removing impurities.

2. Paper Manufacturing:

Sizing Agent: In paper-making, aluminum sulfate is added to the pulp slurry to adjust pH and control the sizing of paper fibers. It enhances paper strength, brightness, and ink receptivity.

Application: It is typically added at specific stages of the paper-making process, such as during pulp preparation or at the wet end of the paper machine.

3. Textile Dyeing:

Mordant: Aluminum sulfate acts as a mordant in textile dyeing. It is applied either as a pre-treatment to the fabric or directly with the dye bath to improve the adherence and fastness of dyes on textiles.

Procedure: Fabrics are treated with a solution of aluminum sulfate before dyeing to ensure uniform and lasting color.

4. Soil Acidification:

Aluminum sulfate can be used to adjust soil pH, particularly in gardening and agriculture where acidic soil conditions are needed for certain plants. It lowers soil pH, making it more acidic and suitable for acid-loving plants like azaleas, rhododendrons, and blueberries.

5. Other Applications:

Leather Tanning: It is used in leather processing as a tanning agent to soften and preserve hides.

Fire Retardants: Aluminum sulfate is used in the production of fire extinguishing agents and fire retardant materials.

General Guidelines for Using Aluminum Sulfate:

Always follow manufacturer instructions and recommended dosage rates for specific applications.

Use appropriate protective equipment (gloves, goggles) when handling aluminum sulfate, especially in concentrated forms.

Dissolve aluminum sulfate in water before application unless otherwise specified.

Monitor water quality and pH adjustments when using aluminum sulfate to ensure desired outcomes are achieved without unintended consequences.

In all applications, the precise method and amount of aluminum sulfate used depend on factors such as the specific process requirements, desired results, and environmental considerations.