Heavy sodium carbonate and light sodium carbonate are two forms of sodium carbonate with different physical properties and uses:

Heavy Sodium Carbonate

Density: Heavier, with a bulk density of around 1.1 to 1.2 g/cm³.

Appearance: Usually appears as a dense, granular powder.

Production: Produced by recrystallizing sodium carbonate from a solution, leading to larger, more compact crystals.

Uses: Often used in industries where a dense form is preferred, such as in glass manufacturing and other bulk applications.

Light Sodium Carbonate

Density: Lighter, with a bulk density of around 0.8 to 1.0 g/cm³.

Appearance: Typically a fine, powdery substance that can appear fluffy.

Production: Produced by a process that yields smaller, less compact crystals, resulting in a lower density.

Uses: Commonly used in cleaning products, detergents, and where a lighter form is needed for ease of dissolution or distribution.

Both forms are chemically identical (Na₂CO₃) but differ in their physical properties, which affects their application in various industries.