Properties and Formulation:
Aluminum sulfate typically appears as white or colorless crystals, although it can also be found in anhydrous form or as a hydrate. It is soluble in water and forms solutions that are acidic due to the hydrolysis of the aluminum ion in water.

Applications:

1. Water Treatment: One of the primary uses of aluminum sulfate is in water treatment processes. It acts as a coagulant in the purification of drinking water and wastewater treatment plants. When added to water, it reacts with dissolved particles and colloids, forming larger flocs that can be more easily removed by filtration or settling.

2. Paper Industry: Aluminum sulfate is used in the paper manufacturing industry as a filler and binder. It helps to improve the paper's characteristics such as opacity, brightness, and strength. Additionally, it aids in controlling the pH of paper-making slurries.

3. Textile Industry: In textile dyeing and printing, aluminum sulfate is employed as a mordant. It helps to fix dyes onto fabrics by forming coordination complexes with the dye molecules.

4. Other Uses: Aluminum sulfate finds applications in various other industries, including:

 4-1 Treatment of wastewater from industries like textiles, petroleum refining, and pharmaceuticals.

 4-2 Clarification of fats and oils.

 4-3 Manufacture of fire extinguishing agents.

 4-4 Production of catalysts and inorganic pigments.

 4-5 Health and Safety Considerations:

While aluminum sulfate itself is not highly toxic, prolonged exposure to large amounts may cause irritation to the skin, eyes, and respiratory tract. Proper handling procedures, including wearing appropriate protective equipment, are recommended when working with this compound.

In conclusion, aluminum sulfate is a versatile chemical compound with widespread industrial applications, particularly in water treatment and paper manufacturing, where its coagulant and pH-adjusting properties are highly valued.